Azure Pipelines

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1 - Overview

Azure Pipelines lets you create CI/CD pipelines to build, test, and deploy your applications.

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2 - Pipeline types

2.1 YAML Pipelines (recommended)

# azure-pipelines.yml
trigger:
  - main

pool:
  vmImage: 'ubuntu-latest'

steps:
  - script: echo Hello, world!
    displayName: 'Run a one-line script'

2.2 Classic Pipelines (GUI)

A graphical interface for creating pipelines without YAML.

• Useful for getting started quickly
• Less version control
• Being deprecated for new projects

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3 - Agents

3.1 Microsoft-hosted agents

Image	OS	Usage
ubuntu-latest	Ubuntu 22.04	Linux builds
windows-latest	Windows Server 2022	.NET, Windows
macos-latest	macOS 13	iOS, macOS

3.2 Self-hosted agents

# Télécharger l'agent
wget https://vstsagentpackage.azureedge.net/agent/3.230.0/vsts-agent-linux-x64-3.230.0.tar.gz
tar zxvf vsts-agent-linux-x64-3.230.0.tar.gz

# Configurer
./config.sh

# Lancer comme service
sudo ./svc.sh install
sudo ./svc.sh start

3.3 Comparison

Aspect	Microsoft-hosted	Self-hosted
Maintenance	None	You manage
Cost	Pay-per-minute	Infrastructure
Customization	Limited	Total
Private network	No	Yes
Cache	Not persistent	Persistent

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4 - Build Pipeline

4.1 Node.js pipeline

trigger:
  branches:
    include:
      - main
      - develop
  paths:
    exclude:
      - README.md

pool:
  vmImage: 'ubuntu-latest'

variables:
  NODE_VERSION: '18.x'

stages:
  - stage: Build
    jobs:
      - job: BuildJob
        steps:
          - task: NodeTool@0
            inputs:
              versionSpec: $(NODE_VERSION)
            displayName: 'Install Node.js'
          
          - script: npm ci
            displayName: 'Install dependencies'
          
          - script: npm run lint
            displayName: 'Lint'
          
          - script: npm run build
            displayName: 'Build'
          
          - script: npm test -- --coverage
            displayName: 'Test'
          
          - task: PublishTestResults@2
            inputs:
              testResultsFormat: 'JUnit'
              testResultsFiles: '**/junit.xml'
          
          - task: PublishCodeCoverageResults@1
            inputs:
              codeCoverageTool: 'Cobertura'
              summaryFileLocation: '$(System.DefaultWorkingDirectory)/coverage/cobertura-coverage.xml'
          
          - task: PublishBuildArtifacts@1
            inputs:
              pathToPublish: 'dist'
              artifactName: 'app'

4.2 .NET pipeline

trigger:
  - main

pool:
  vmImage: 'windows-latest'

variables:
  solution: '**/*.sln'
  buildPlatform: 'Any CPU'
  buildConfiguration: 'Release'

steps:
  - task: NuGetToolInstaller@1

  - task: NuGetCommand@2
    inputs:
      restoreSolution: '$(solution)'

  - task: VSBuild@1
    inputs:
      solution: '$(solution)'
      platform: '$(buildPlatform)'
      configuration: '$(buildConfiguration)'

  - task: VSTest@2
    inputs:
      platform: '$(buildPlatform)'
      configuration: '$(buildConfiguration)'

4.3 Docker pipeline

trigger:
  - main

pool:
  vmImage: 'ubuntu-latest'

variables:
  dockerRegistry: 'myacr.azurecr.io'
  imageName: 'myapp'
  tag: '$(Build.BuildId)'

steps:
  - task: Docker@2
    inputs:
      containerRegistry: 'ACR-Connection'
      repository: '$(imageName)'
      command: 'buildAndPush'
      Dockerfile: '**/Dockerfile'
      tags: |
        $(tag)
        latest

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5 - Release Pipeline

5.1 Environments

# Définir des environments dans le pipeline
stages:
  - stage: DeployDev
    jobs:
      - deployment: Deploy
        environment: 'Development'
        strategy:
          runOnce:
            deploy:
              steps:
                - script: echo Deploying to Dev
  
  - stage: DeployProd
    dependsOn: DeployDev
    jobs:
      - deployment: Deploy
        environment: 'Production'
        strategy:
          runOnce:
            deploy:
              steps:
                - script: echo Deploying to Prod

5.2 Approvals and Gates

Configure in Environments → Production → Approvals and checks:

• Approvals: Manual validation
• Branch control: Deploy only from main
• Business hours: Deploy during business hours
• Invoke Azure Function: Custom check

5.3 Deployment strategies

# Rolling deployment
strategy:
  rolling:
    maxParallel: 2
    preDeploy:
      steps:
        - script: echo Pre-deploy
    deploy:
      steps:
        - script: echo Deploying
    on:
      failure:
        steps:
          - script: echo Rollback

# Canary deployment
strategy:
  canary:
    increments: [10, 20]
    preDeploy:
      steps:
        - script: echo Pre-deploy
    deploy:
      steps:
        - script: echo Deploying $(strategy.increment)%

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6 - Common tasks

6.1 Copy Files

- task: CopyFiles@2
  inputs:
    sourceFolder: '$(Build.SourcesDirectory)/dist'
    contents: '**'
    targetFolder: '$(Build.ArtifactStagingDirectory)'

6.2 Azure App Service Deploy

- task: AzureWebApp@1
  inputs:
    azureSubscription: 'Azure-Connection'
    appType: 'webAppLinux'
    appName: 'my-webapp'
    package: '$(Pipeline.Workspace)/app/**/*.zip'

6.3 Kubernetes Deploy

- task: KubernetesManifest@0
  inputs:
    action: 'deploy'
    kubernetesServiceConnection: 'K8s-Connection'
    namespace: 'production'
    manifests: |
      $(Pipeline.Workspace)/manifests/deployment.yml
      $(Pipeline.Workspace)/manifests/service.yml
    containers: '$(dockerRegistry)/$(imageName):$(tag)'

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7 - Variables and secrets

7.1 Pipeline variables

variables:
  # Variable simple
  buildConfiguration: 'Release'
  
  # Variable depuis un groupe
  - group: 'my-variable-group'
  
  # Variable conditionnelle
  - name: environment
    ${{ if eq(variables['Build.SourceBranch'], 'refs/heads/main') }}:
      value: 'production'
    ${{ else }}:
      value: 'development'

7.2 System variables

Variable	Description
$(Build.BuildId)	Unique build ID
$(Build.SourceBranch)	Source branch
$(Build.SourcesDirectory)	Sources directory
$(Pipeline.Workspace)	Pipeline workspace
$(System.DefaultWorkingDirectory)	Working directory

7.3 Secrets

# Utiliser un secret depuis une variable group
- script: |
    echo "Using secret..."
    curl -H "Authorization: Bearer $(API_KEY)" https://api.example.com
  env:
    API_KEY: $(mySecret)

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Summary

In this chapter, we learned:

• The pipeline types (YAML vs Classic)
• The agents (Microsoft-hosted vs Self-hosted)
• Build Pipelines
• Release Pipelines and environments
• Common tasks
• Variables and secrets

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Next step

In the next chapter, we will dive deeper into YAML Pipelines.

→ Next chapter: YAML Pipelines

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